carbonize

If wood is heated in the absence of air, it will carbonize and turn into charcoal.

(Chinese) 如果在隔绝空气的情况下加热木材，它会碳化并变成木炭。

The ancient scrolls were carbonized by the volcanic heat, making them extremely fragile.

(Chinese) 古代卷轴被火山热力碳化了，使得它们变得极其脆弱。