conscience

He had a guilty conscience after he realized he had accidentally taken someone else's umbrella.

(Chinese) 在意识到自己误拿了别人的雨伞后，他感到内心有愧。

The politician claimed that his vote was based on his conscience rather than party loyalty.

(Chinese) 这位政治家声称他的投票是基于他的良知，而非对政党的忠诚。